Some academic disciplines, such as Law and Psychology, for example, prefer to use other referencing styles because they are more suited to the types of material that are most commonly used in that particular discipline.

Whilst the vast majority of staff and students at UWS will use Cite Them Right Harvard the following exceptions apply:

Psychology - APA (American Psychological Association) style

Law - OSCOLA (Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities)

Scottish Baptist College - Chicago style

Guidance for all these styles is also available on the Cite Them Right online platform.

If you are unsure as to the referencing style that you should be using please check with your Academic School or refer to your course/module handbook.  You can also ask your lecturer/tutor/supervisor.

APA referencing is a variant on the Harvard style of referencing.  Most of the conventions are the same, with brief author-date citations (in brackets) within the body of the text and full citations in the reference list.

The following web sites contain very detailed information in the use of this style:

American Psychological Association Tutorials and Webinars

Purdue University APA Style (7th edition)

Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities is the accepted method for the referencing of legal materials, such as law cases, statutes and parliamentary papers, for example.  In-text citations appear as footnotes and there is a formal set of abbreviations for key sources, such as AC for Appeal Cases.

If you are studying Law at UWS you will be given guidance on the way in which you are required to use OSCOLA and you must adhere to this.

Please refer to the following web site from the Faculty of Law at University of Oxford:

Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities

The Chicago style of referencing offers two options for citations: brief citations can be listed in the body of the text (your own work) or these can appear as footnotes.

Staff and students of the Scottish Baptist College should check with the College to determine which of the two options should be used.

The following web site provides a very good introduction to the Chicago referencing style:

Chicago Manual of Style for Students